ASAP

That's just because of wind. If it is bad enough that it is impacting your ability to employ weapons then you need to change up your run in heading to be more into or out of the wind. Otherwise for navigation, line up the arrow at the bottom of the hading tape with the captains bar for a wind corrected heading to your next waypoint.

Of all the systems on the jet this one has the lowest fidelity of how it's actually modeled. None of the CMSP or CMSC is actually accurately simulated, and there are a ton of differences between the real system and the way it's modeled in DCS.

Hugely depends on the mission and the AO.
but super generic...
Front - Strike freq for talking to your JTAC
Mid - interflight to talk to your wingman
Aft - Air coord freq or "common" with other air players, or for monitoring the AWACS/CRC.
 
Other options...
Front - Strike
Mid - Air Coord, AWACS/CRC
AFT - Interflight
Typically you'd use the front radio to talk to ground/tower/departure/approach as well. You'd do the majority of your jumping around between frequencies on the front radio. You'd pretty much leave your inteflight set the whole time, and the aft radio you swap as needed.

That is incorrect. The NVGs sit about 1/2-3/4 of an inch in front of the eyes. Pilots have to look under the NVG tubes to see anything inside the cockpit. It's like flying with bifocals. The NVGs are only good for seeing outside the jet. Everything inside the jet is an unreadable blur. The NVGS cannot be closer to the eye than the HMCS monocle, assuming you are using HMCS.
Granted, that's not the way DCS represents it, and you can't really simulate looking beneath the NVGS to look inside. On the NVGS everything is unrealistically in focus in the game.

You can only edit the 50 waypoints in the mission database. The remaining 2700+ waypoints are loaded into the system but you cannot manipulate them. I haven't encountered the ?-1 before, but if I had to guess I'd say that it would overwrite waypoint 1 in a similar fashion to how your markpoints will cycle from Mark Y back to Mark A.

are you expecting the old circle pipper looking thing in the center of the HUD? That’s not a thing anymore. 
Are you getting the LAR and staple on the left of the HUD? 

That is normal and accurate.  It’s just the analog guage and the digital system not being perfectly synced. The analog guage isn’t super precise. 

That’s normal. It’s a function of head position in relation to the hud glass and the projector. Pilots have to move their heads slightly to see stuff at the far periphery. In flight the horizon line should be visible due to the AOA of he jet. On the ground it’s normal to not see it without leaning forward/down

Pro tip from a real a-10 pilot. Just don’t use auto lase

Basically if the > on the left of the screen is inside the bracket immediately to its right the bomb will make it to the target. If it’s pointing at the bottom part of the bracket that has a bar the bomb will hit the target at the desired impact angle set in the profile page. The vertical steering line should be lined up in the center of the HUD frame (put your GBL on it) for best bomb range. The verticals line is a steering reference only though. As long as you are in LAR the bomb can get to the target. 

F1433 I’m 
pretty sure means the E-3 you have hooked has 143,000 lbs of fuel remaining
the G2A4B+R is the weapons load out that it is reporting over the link. 
I rarely look at it so I’m a little fuzzy on what the letters mean. I think it’s something like Gun, 2 A/A missiles, 4 bombs, rockets. But I could be wrong about what exactly they break out to.

Not it shouldn’t if you set QTY 3 you’ll get three bombs. System is working correctly. If you want 6 bombs select rip pairs / QTY 6
the quantity is the quantity of bombs not the quantity of pairs of bombs. RIP pairs just means it will release two at a time, wait a few milliseconds and then release a another pair, wait, release, etc…
In your case it performed correctly. it dropped the first two at the same time, one from each TER, and the third a few milliseconds later.  When bombs fall off TERs they alternate between symmetrical TERS (not stations 5/7).
 
So if TERs are on 4/8 and you rip pairs you’d get the center bombs from both TERS. Then the next pair you’d get the left bombs, and finally the right bombs.  If you dropped rip single you’d get 4 center, 8 center, 4, left, 8 left, 4 right, 8 right. 

For the same reason you don’t have one switch that turns on every piece of electronics in your house all at once. You want to be able to manually decide what you want to turn on and off. Also if something breaks you want to be able to isolate it and turn it off without causing problems. The kind of automation you are talking about comes with a lot of interconnection that makes things more complicated, costly, and more difficult to troubleshoot.
Also it makes maintenance on the jet a lot easier which means it can be done faster which means the jets can fly more missions which means they can kill more stuff. That is very important in war. More modern doesn’t always mean more complex and automated.

The maverick is always showing WHOT. The boat switch and the crosshairs are telling the missile if it’s looking for a hot object in a cold back ground (white crosshairs) or a cold object on a hot background (dark crosshairs)

a picture is worth a thousand words... The simple answer to the original question is that the elevation of your current waypoint (Which is refered to a "Steerpoint") is on the steer info page next to EL (see the red box below). Here it says 33 because Steerpoint 1 is at 33 feet MSL (probably at Batumi). Get to steer info page by pressing Function 0 on the UFC or by rotating the rotary switch to Steer

I always use latch on and never use the auto laser function. I want direct control over when it turns on and off but I don’t want to hold the button down forever if I’m lasing something from high altitude or if I’m moving the jet. 
 
downside is DCS has a silly notion that the laser burns itself out and becomes inoperative after even a short time of continuous lasing and so you have to be disciplined about turning your laser off. 

From my understanding it’s not an often used feature. They just select EO power on when they FENCE in. Most pilots I’ve talked to said they much rather make positive switch changes rather than relying on a system to do it passively, because that way they know for sure it is done. Or alternatively they leave EO power off until they start thinking they might want to use it (i.e they get passed a line 5 of “Armor”). I believe for the health of the seeker they don’t like to leave them running unnecessarily all mission.
 
As far as which one you use t’s an either or. pilots can either choose the system to auto select EO power on when I cross a certain steerpoint, or I can tell it to turn on 10 minutes after my scheduled takeoff (for instance). I can’t tell my jet to turn it on 10 minutes after takeoff and turn it on at a certain steerpoint because those are mutually exclusive commands. 
 
To your actual question though, I suspect in the real jet though if you input a time it would override the steerpoint option and the other way around. Cant speak to how the real jet handles that but it would be consistent with the general way the systems seem to work. 

The changes were made to reflect how the jet should be when the pilot arrives at the jet to accept it from maintenance.

As the pedals move forward and backward when you use the adjustment handle (opposite the alternate gear extension handle) an arrow moves up and down that scale to tell you the position of the pedals. It’s just so the pilot can quickly set them to the same spot every time in every jet they fly for consistency sake. It’s important for muscle memory and repeatable habit patterns I guess

I am not at my computer to test it but I thought if you go to the waypoint page and re enter the MGRS coordinates it forces the system to pull an elevation from its terrain database and overwrites any manually entered elevation. 

What was your altitude? even at 15 degrees of dive depending on altitude it might not be able to compute. for the A-10, unless you are down low (<1000AGL) 15 degrees is a really shallow dive angle it could be the aircraft was unable to do its look-aside ranging properly if you were too high/shallow. Try pointing the nose 30-45 degrees nose low and you'll probably get a CCIP solution. If that doesn't work then I'd need to see a video or something to figure out what you're doing. CCIP doesn't care about your SPI, you should get accurate symbology even if your SPI is on the other side of the planet.
One other thought: were you in GUNS mode in the HUD vs CCIP with some other weapon profile called up? Its possible have the gun pipper in the HUD while you have CCIP rockets or bombs selected at the same time. It could be the CCIP INVALID was for the rocket solution or something... I'm just spitballing ideas what could cause it really.
Like I said, try getting lower/steeper with your guns passes and see if that helps. If it doesn't work then maybe theres some other switch error somewhere with EAC or LASTE.