Управляемые ракеты AGR-19/20 APKWS II

[Heli]

 

все 18 вертолетов HH-60G из ВВС Национальной Гвардии получают улучшения для применения APKWS

 

• 7-зарядные контейнеры увеличенной длины LAU-68 F/A Extended-Length Launcher (ELL)
  
• комплекты подвески LAU-68 F/A на вертолет
  
• современные ОЭС
  

https://www.ang.af.mil/Portals/77/documents/Resources/2019%20Mod%20Book%20v2.pdf?ver=2019-05-30-122634-043

Edited March 30, 2020 by Heli

[Heli]

BAE Systems получила от ВМС США 10,8 млн. $ чтобы сделать универсальную секцию наведения, которая подходила бы к самолетам и вертолетам, вместо двух сейчас

 

https://defence-blog.com/news/bae-systems-tapped-for-upgrade-advanced-precision-kill-weapon-system-rockets.html

 

 

NAVAIR заключит с BAE Systems контракт на обновление ПО всех секций APKWS II в ВС США до версии 4.70

 

С этим обновлением у нас будет один вариант продукта, который заменит отдельные версии для вертолетов и самолетов. Это упростит логистику для наших клиентов, сказал представитель BAE Systems.

 

http://www.thefifthcolumn.xyz/Forum/viewthread.php?tid=13&goto=search&pid=28669

[Andrei]

Вот как надо делать деньги :) Сначала делаешь железо и софт для самолётов. Потом для вертолётов. Ну и напоследок делаешь единую версию для всех. Три контракта вместо одного со всеми вытекающими бонусами. Профит.

[arcivanov]

Вот как надо делать деньги :) Сначала делаешь железо и софт для самолётов. Потом для вертолётов. Ну и напоследок делаешь единую версию для всех. Три контракта вместо одного со всеми вытекающими бонусами. Профит.

Как заказали так и сделали. :) Если разные ветви заказывают по разному, то унификация это третий контракт.

[Heli]

кумулятивный пост

 

How much weight and lenght does it add

9.5lbs, 18.5"

 

thermal battery switch

-firing pin alignment, not electrical switch

-will not drain bat if left on

-off results in ballistic missle

nominal fly out sequence

.3 sec battery powers up

.5 wings deploy

.85-1.1 tgt acquired

.92-1.1 de-stress manuvering

1.1 guidance initiates

 

 

APKWS Maximum Delayed Lase

1.5km: 0.5 sec delay, 3.5 sec lase

2km: 1.5 sec delay, 3.5 sec lase

3km: 3 sec delay, 5 sec lase

4km: 5 sec delay, 7 sec lase

5km: 7 sec delay, 11 sec lase

 

 

 

which warheads and fuze

m151, mk152, inert

m423, MK 435 Mod 0

When to put in code

manually on rocket

 

can you use mixed codes

yes but not recommended

 

max apogee

1000 ft

 

How to fire 2 APKWS At single tgt

interval less than 1 sec

 

if tgt beyond 3km, employ at what alt

> 1500\' HAT

 

optimum employment

3-4km

 

TOF at distances

2 km -5 s

3 km -8 s

4 km -12 s

5 km -18 s

 

http://www.studydroid.com/index.php?...&packId=568388

 

 

What type of guidance section does the APKWS have and what is its nomenclature?

Semi-Active laser (SAL) guidance section (WGU-59/B)

 

Does the APKWS have any external electronic features?

No

 

How many wings does the APKWS have and when are they deployed?

It has 4 wings and its deployed after the thermal battery is activated upon rocket motor firing.

 

What does CAS stand for and what does it do?

Control Actuator System. It positions the flaperons in accordance with the commands provided by the autopilot

 

What does IMU stand for and what does it do?

Inertial measurement unit. It senses the APKWS II pitch, roll, and yaw and transmits that information to the autopilot

 

What does the autopilot do?

The autopilot uses the IMU and seeker data to calculate required wing positions, which are sent to the CAS which moves the flaperons to guide the target.

 

Where are the laser seeker optics located and what doe they do?

They are located on the forward edge of each of the four wings and receive laser energy reflected from the target. The laser energy is transmitted via fiber optics to the seeker electronics which determines the target angle.

 

The seeker optics are "___________" (not gimbaled) and provide constant field of view in excess of ____ degrees

Strapped down; 28

 

What does LSA stand for and what do they do?

Laser Switch Assemblies. These are dials attached to the guidance section that provide various laser coding options.

 

How are the LSA's read on the APKWS II

They are read facing aft, left to right, and a black line adjacent to the aft edge of the dial indicates the number selected on each LSA.

 

For the first (left most facing aft) LSA, which colored background turns the guidance countermeasures ON?

The light colored background with the black numbers.

 

Should we use the guidance section countermeasures?

No, because it has not been tested

 

What is the ETBI and why is it important?

The electronic thermal battery indicator which activates the capability for the thermal battery to be initiated upon firing. It aligns the explosive train used to initiate the battery. It's a manual switch on the outside of the missile which must be turned on or else the APKWS won't have guidance capabilities (it will fire like a regular 2.75" rocket).

 

Describe the flight path/times for an APKWS

1. Rocket fires

2. ETBI fully powered by 0.3 seconds

3. Wings deploy from 0.4 to 0.5 seconds

4. IMU begins initialization and comes online by 0.7 seconds

5. Guidance section attempts to acquire laser energy at 0.85 seconds

6. De-roll maneuver (change in flight path to stabilize the flight plath) complete by 1.1 seconds

7. After De-roll, system begins guidance

 

What happens if the laser energy isn't detected during flight?

The missile will enter altitude hold until it contacts the ground

 

What happens when the seeker acquires laser energy?

It enters Proportional Navigation Mode and attempts to hold ILOS (inertial line of sight) angle to the target, placing the APKWS on a collision course with the target regardless of winds or target motion.

 

What is the maximum time of flight and distance observed in tests of an APKWS in altitude hold mode

1 minute and 9 km

 

What is the release envelope of the APKWS?

1.5 to 5 km

 

Optimum employment range? Why?

3 to 4 km; It allows for the maximum error at those ranges of +/- 10 degrees azimuth and +/- 5 degrees elevation /

 

расшифровка по километрам

APKWS II Allowable Error

1.5km - Elev: +/- 2°, Az: +/- 3°

2km - Elev: +4°/-2°, Az: +/- 5°

3km - Elev: +5°/-2°, Az: +/-10°

4km - Elev: +5°/-2°, Az: +/- 10°

5km - Elev: +5°/-2°, Az: +/-4°

 

What does the HUD assume for the degree of boresight for the LAU on the rail?

+4 degrees

 

If employing from beyond 4,000 meters, consider employing from ___________ altitude

Medium

 

Time of Flights/ Ranges

1500 m - 4 seconds

2000 m - 5 seconds

3000 m - 8 seconds

4000 m - 12 seconds

5000 m - 18 seconds

 

When firing from stations 2 and 3, what type of tracking is recommended?

Manual tracking with a low track rate

 

What must you select on the NARCARDS to get the APKWS rocket reticle

GUN PD

 

HUD Rules of Thumb

If you are outside 2500 m, below 500 ft HAT, or hovering, always use the 3 degree cue.

If you are inside 2500 m and:

Above 1200 feet HAT - use 1 degree

Below 1200 feet HAT - use 3 degree

 

How many degrees should the firing pilot lead a moving target laterally?

3 degrees

 

Firing against moving targets is affective against a moving target moving _____ mph with a ______ degree track crossing angel

40 mph; 90 degree

 

At the maximum range of 5 km, the APKWS requires ________ feet of cloud clearance

1000

 

What is the recommended means for employing the desired laser code?

Enter the laser code into the H code and setting TSU/GUNS. Ensure LOW track rate is selected to reduce spot jitter

 

What will you see in the HUD when the laser is fired?

The pipper will turn into an X and you adjust the reticle on the X based on rules of thumb

 

M282?

HE-incendiary penetrator warhead.

 

How many switch assemblies does the WGU-58/B contain?

4 Laser Switch Assemblies (LSA) that provide various code options.

 

The first LSA switch is identified with black and white background, what is each position used for?

The black position is the countermeasure off setting and the white position is the countermeasure on setting.

 

https://quizlet.com/127512199/apkws-flash-cards/

 

The optimal launch distance for the weapon is three kilometres. At this distance the system has the maximum off-axis capacity of ±15° in azimuth and ±7.5° in elevation.

 

http://armadainternational.com/asset...ow_report_.pdf

 

Overall hit percentage and direct hit percentage

86.9%, 78.9%

 

APKWS Warhead, Weapon-to-Target Match

M282 is a penetrator warhead only to be used with APKWS and not in an unguided role. With the M282 warhead, APKWS is truly an effective weapon-to-target match for lightly armored vehicles (i.e. APCs) vice with the M151 or Mk152 warheads which are HE-FRAG.

 

Virtual Target Symbol

Identifies the targets location to allow BOC APKWS attacks.

Symbol is slashed out if outside release parameters (>140 KTAS, >5km from target) The system does not account for crosswind effects.

 

CCM Coding

Set to black with white lettering = CCM off

 

PAC Responsibilities for APKWS Employment

Preattack:

_Determine release distance

_Confirm pod selection, mil setting, and designator code

Attack:

_Maneuver A/C into FAH

_Contact area and/or tally maneuver aircraft within constraints

_Request master arm

_Overlay rocket reticle

Release:

_Fire rocket

_Maintain flight profile

Impact:

_Request master arm off

 

PNAC Responsibilities for APKWS Employment

Preattack:

_Input target into navigation system

_Determine release distance

_Set mil setting

_Set designator code

_Select appropriate pod

_Capture target

Attack:

_Track target

_Verbalize laser target line

_Verbalize countdown distance to target

_Select master arm/confirm in DFD

_Designate target

_Continue countdown distance

Release:

None

Impact:

_Deselect master arm/confirm in DFD

 

The TDC has the capability to store up to ___ per mission (2 missions per card)

23

 

LGR Preflight

Laser codes set in line with black tick mark

Read facing aft

LGR battery switch must be on (aligns the explosive train)

 

If Battery On/Off Switch Left Off

1. Does not deploy wings

2. No guidance

3. Flies a ballistic trajectory

 

LGR Rocket Reticle based off

Slant range

Height above target

Pressure altitude

True airspeed

 

Rocket reticle/LGR virtual target dimensions

 

 

LGR VTGT:

Each side is 4.8 degrees

Each mark is 2.0 degrees

 

Draw Reocket reticle over Virtual Tgt Symbol desired pic atlaunch

 

Draw Slashed Rocket reticle and Virtul Tgt Symbol parked at ADL & demensions

 

When does LGR reticle become invalid

- Above 140 KTAS

- longitudinal TAS < 0

-Hover with tailwind, or aft motion with no winds

 

LGR virtual target symbol is placed where

at recommended release attitude

 

What happens if LGR is left off

- Does not deploy wings

- No Guidance

- Flies a ballistic trajectory

What does LGR reticle system default to for sland range and Alt

amnual + RALT, 1500m Slant range

 

LGR Rocket Reticle:

Blank center is 0.8 degrees al sides

Between each tick mark across is 1.2 degrees

Up and down lines are 1.5 degrees

Across lines are 2.0 degrees

Tick marks are 0.32 degrees tall/wide

Overall 4.8 degrees wide by 3.8 degrees tall

 

Manual + RALT Mode

_Mode entered when either range/HAT (nnnn/nnnn) or just range set in T6 on weapons page.

_If just range is entered HAT is updated automatically to the lased point elevation.

_Parks VTGT symbol along ADL azimuth.

 

Laser Mode

_Mode entered when L is entered at T6 on weapons page

_System calculates range/HAT to NTIS lased point

_Reticle invalid until LRF is fired

_Must lase every 20 seconds or system switches to degraded laser mode

_When laser is complete firing APKWS enters laser coasting mode until 20 seconds or laser is fired

 

Navigation Mode

_Mode entered when waypoint/target/threat numbered point is set in T6 on weapons page

_System calculates range and HAT off of point

_If no elevation data is available Navigation + RALT mode is entered

_VTGT along azimuth to the navigation point

 

Azimuth Corrections for Wind

Magnitude Correction

Cross Wind (Coordinated Flight): 25kts Upwind 2

Cross-Wind (Hover/Slip): 25kts Downwind 2

Target Crossing Velocity: 40mph Lead by 3

Corrections in degrees

 

LGR VTGT displays too high in:

Long Range (>4km)

Hover

Daytime

Low-reflectivity target

Recommend aligning reticle in lower-half of VTGT symbol during long-range daytime hover shots

 

HMSD Symbology

L G R M N 2 1 2 3

T 0 1

LGR displays selected weapon

M is always manual for UH, can be A (automatic) for AH-1Z

N is current reticle mode

-N is navigation or navigation + RALT

-M is manual or manual + RALT or manual + sensor

-L is laser or degraded laser

T01 is selected TAGID (W02, K55, etc)

 

If no laser energy is detected APKWS enters ___ and can travel up to ___ seconds and ___ m

Attitude Hold Flight Mode, 60, 9000

 

APKWS Allowable Error

+/-2

 

Lasing aimpoint for APKWS should be ____

Center mass

 

Lookup Table Boundaries

Slant Range: 1500m to 5000m

HAT: -500' to 3000'

Airspeed: 0 KTAS to 140 KTAS

Pressure Altitude: 0' to 15,000'

 

If launched in reactive mode, APKWS will fly a similar path if launched within ____m, beyond this it will land ____.

500, long

 

APKWS Loading Limitations

Authorized for shipboard use

Not authorized for hot tube loading

 

APKWS cumulative captive limit

750hr

 

If laser energy not detected what will APKWS do?

Enter Attitude Hold.

 

APKWS ROT

1) Outside of 2,500m, below 500ft, or hovering use 3 deg.

2) Inside of 2,500m and above 1,200ft use 1 deg.

 

https://quizlet.com/145065901/apkws-flash-cards/

https://www.studydroid.com/index.php...&packId=600342

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcard.../packs/7979489

 

UPD

из брошюр BAE Systems

все показатели с БЧ M151 и взрывателем M423

 

для вертолетных платформ

Launch height above target 0 to 3,000 ft

Platform speed at launch 0 to 150 KTAS

Acceleration at launch Not specified – used +1g

 

для самолетных

Launch height above target 0 to 15,000 ft

Platform speed at launch 180 to 550 KTAS

Acceleration at launch +0.5 to +4.0 g

 

https://www.baesystems.com/en-us/pro...-guided-rocket

 

When using the APKWS in the AH-64 what should be verified?

Weight must be manually computed

Programmed as 6PD or 7PD

QTY should be set to fire one

No more than 16 APKWS are loaded per launcher (ограничение в 517lbs на блок)

Laser codes are same on every rocket and LRFD

 

/6PD "10pdr"

1- M151 High Explosive Warhead/ M423 fuse

M/E 3-5

Range 500-7500m

 

6PD "17pdr"

2- M229 High Explosive Warhead/ M423 fuse

M/E 3-5

Range 500-7500m

 

7PD

4- M156 White Phosphorous (smoke)/ M423/439 fuse (MK40)

M/E 3-5

Range 500-7500m

 

внутреннее наименование типов ракет в вертолетном задатчике/

 

If any APKWS II are loaded as 6PD, then authentic 6PD rockets are prohibited.

If any APKWS II are loaded as 7PD, then authentic 7PD rockets are prohibited.

PD6 Selection: For flight less than 40 KTAS in FIXED mode describe the engagement technique

Alight the target with the CCIP, then pitch up to achieve 4 degrees of super elevation

 

PD6 Selection: For flight less than 40 KTAS in Normal mode how much is Probability of hit reduced?

20%

/Normal mode подвижные пилоны/

 

PD6 Selection: For flight greater than 40 kts in FIXED or Normal mode what is the procedure?

Use standard firing techniques

 

PD7 Selection: For FIXED mode describe the firing technique.

align the CCIP with the target, pitch back 5 degrees

 

PD7 Selection: For Normal mode > 1500ft AGL what is the firing technique? What happens to APKWS rockets below 1500 ft AGL

Normal firing technique; Reduction of Probability of Hit

 

Should you rely on the rocket TOF in the HAD

NO

 

Firing the APKWS II as an unguided rocket no laser designation is prohibited. The undetermined trajectory of an unguided APKWS II may result in unintended collateral damage

 

The minimum engagement range of the APKWS is?

1200m

/для апача меньше чем для AH-1Z/

 

https://quizlet.com/241151140/26-cav...m-flash-cards/

https://quizlet.com/243308703/4-4-gs...7-flash-cards/

 

 

 

 

 

 

UPD UPD

IMU and autopilot

IMU sense p, y, r and sends to autopilot

Autopilot takes IMU data to determine req'd flatiron position, then sends command to CSA

 

DASALS

Distributed Aperture Semi-Active Laser Seeker

4 of them, one per wing

FOV 28 deg

FOR 40 deg

 

APKWS will function with 3 of 4 seekers

 

Shadow transition zone

Eye is partially obscured

Cause 0.5 - 1 deg of seeker angle error

Still has a Phit > 80%

 

Attitude Hold

If unable to acquire laser enters attitude hold

Will fly very long if no laser acquired

 

Proportional Navigation

DASALS have laser energy and signal to noise is high

LGR enter ProNav

Autopilot tries to hold constant Inertial LOS

Now on collision course regardless of Target Motion and Winds

 

Do not employ APKWS above 150 kts

 

7 LGR modes

Man

Man + Sensor

Man + RadAlt (Default and 1500m)

Laser

Degr Laser

Nav

Degr Nav (Nav + RadAlt)

 

Man

nnnn/nnnn

(range/HAT) into scratchpad

range 1500-5000

HAT 500-3000

 

Man + RadAlt

nnnn

(range) into scratchpad with TSS CRSR Off

range 1500-5000

 

Man + Sensor

nnnn

(range) into scratchpad with TSS CRSR On

Flat earth solution

 

Laser

Put L in scratchpad

firing laser updates this

if stop firing laser get 20 sec of invalid reticle then enter Degr Laser mode

 

Degr Laser

20 sec past laser

uses last man range + RadAlt for HAT

 

Nav

Enter Tnn/Wnn/Knn into T4

Georef has elevation data

 

Nav + RadAlt

Enter Tnn/Wnn/Knn into T4

Uses current RadAlt as HAT

Georef no elevation data

 

LGR Reticle

85x85 mils

4.8x4.8 deg

 

Aiming RoT

Outside 2500 m, below 500 HAT, or hovering

> 3 deg up offset

Inside 2500m and below 1200 HAT

> 3 deg up offset

Inside 2500m and above 1200 HAT

> 1 deg up offset

Moving tgts

> lead by 3 deg

 

Ground or Buddy Lase

Enter a good range in MAN or NAV to get reticle in position

 

AGR-19A

Mk 152 Mod 0

 

AGR-19B

M 282 HEI-MPP

Multi-Purpose Penetrator

Penetrating hard steel nose

0.979 lb PBXN-110

0.15 lb Zirconium incendiary

PD/Delay fuze

 

AGR-20C

APKWS with M151

 

M282 avg penetration delay is 5 millisecond sec

Impact Velocity is 500-1200 m/sec

 

https://quizlet.com/440095574/apkws-flash-cards/

 

What are the angle of bank limits for firing an APKWS in either forward or sideward flight?

20º

 

What is the employment airspeed limit for the APKWS in sideward flight?

35 KIAS

 

What is the employment airspeed limits for the APKWS in rearward flight?

20 KIAS

 

What are the load factor limits for firing an APKWS in sideward or rearward flight?

1G

 

What are the load factor limits for firing an APKWS in forward flight?

+0.5G to LON (limits of NATOPS)

 

https://quizlet.com/482898297/apkws-flash-cards/

Edited July 18, 2020 by Heli

[Heli]

 

USSOCOM и неназванная европейская страна приобрели FLETCHER

 

https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_october_2020_global_security_army_industry/arnold_defense_has_received_two_major_orders_for_its_fletcher_laser_guided_rocket_launcher.html

[Chizh]

[Chizh]

BAE Systems успешно испытала ракеты APKWS с лазерным наведением против БПЛА

Компания BAE Systems Inc. успешно испытала ракеты APKWS с лазерным наведением в ходе испытаний по беспилотным авиационным системам класса 2 на испытательном полигоне Юма в Аризоне, сообщила компания 11 октября 2021.

БПЛА класс 2. Вес от 21 до 55 фунтов. Высота до 3500 футов. Максимальная скорость до 250 узлов. Примером может служить ScanEagle.

https://chuckhillscgblog.net/2021/10/12/bae-systems-successfully-tests-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-against-uas-seapower/comment-page-1/

[arcivanov]

Украина получает систему VAMPIRE

Это APKWSII с EO и системой управления устанавливающаяся практически на любой гражданский грузовик.

Система работает как по земле так и по дронам.

 

https://player.vimeo.com/video/709476110

 

https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/what-the-vampire-weapon-system-the-u-s-is-sending-to-ukraine-can-actually-do

[Chizh]

Использование APKWS с наземной ПУ