Ok, I have found a fix.
These are my axis-settings for the left and right pedal. With these I have the full bandwith for the brakes. Well, screenshots are in german, but I guess you can see the settings by the position on the screen. Setting it to slider was not enough.
(Final) UPDATE:
I figured out, that these settings are handled different between the aircrafts.
Some aircrafts require the slider invert and some not.
Also, a curvature rate between -50 and -60 fits best - for me. 😉
v2tec's post in Logbook has no F16 entries was marked as the answer