No, it is definitely different than looking at an iPhone real close. I get the feeling the amount of strain on your eyes varies a lot from person to person. I use a Vive, I don't experience it as uncomfortable, but I do need to take a break after an hour or so.
My eyes are fine with looking at a screen for 12+ hours if needed, but for me VR is limited to maybe two or three hours a day, so if your eyes tire easily that might be a problem.
But yes: Try a cardboard, it is the cheapest test.