Help with translation

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

I am translating the lock On manual into Serbian language. I (only) got to page 106.

 

Anyway, what is a ripple release of bombs? I found this on A10 CCIP bomb delivery mode. Is it that a pair of bombs is released, or one by one bomb is released or two by two?

[Guest IguanaKing]

I am translating the lock On manual into Serbian language. I (only) got to page 106.

 

Anyway, what is a ripple release of bombs? I found this on A10 CCIP bomb delivery mode. Is it that a pair of bombs is released, or one by one bomb is released or two by two?

 

Let me see if I remember this correctly. Ripple release is the release of multiple munitions at a set time (distance) interval between each release, in a set quantity. Ripple single releases 1 bomb at a time until the ripple quantity is reached. Ripple pair releases 2 bombs at a time until the ripple quantity is reached. Single/pair, interval, and quantity are all selectable prior to release. The armament control system runs the selected release program with a single press of the pickle.

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

Man! That is very well explained! Thank you.

[Brit_Radar_Dude]

Automatic multiple bomb release or "ripple".

 

Why do ground attack aircraft like the A-10 have an automatic system to drop a ripple of bombs, why not just let the pilot press the weapon release several times? To answer this question, you need to think about a real life target attack.

 

A single dumb bomb dropped from an aircraft does not drop perfectly down onto the target every time. It may drift left or right of the track that the aircraft is flying and miss the target. If the bomb is dropped a little early or a little late then it will miss short or long. The likelyhood of missing short or long is more than missing left/right.

 

Imagine an aircraft flying at 500 kts = 6078ft * 500 = 3039000 ft/hr. Divide by 60*60 gives ft/sec = approx 850.

If the pilot initiates bomb release 0.5s early or late he will likely miss by over 400ft.

 

So lets make our bomb "longer" by dropping a ripple of (eg) five bombs. If we know the lethal radius of the bomb blast is eg. 50ft, then if we drop them 100 feet apart, we have now a "longer bomb" with a lethal area of 100ft wide by 500ft long.

If we aim to land the middle (3rd) bomb of the stick of 5 on the target, then we have 250ft of leeway short and long and still destroy the target.

This deals effectively with the short / long problem, but we still might miss left / right.

If we are attacking a small point target like a jeep, then nothing we can do, but if our target is of significant dimensions like a bridge, we can increase our hit chances.

 

Suppose our bridge is 500 feet long and 50 feet wide. If we attack along the length of the bridge we might be lucky and all 5 bombs hit, or we might be unlucky and all miss left or right.

If we attack at 90 degress to the bridge then our bomb to bomb gap is 100 ft and the bridge 50ft wide, 50/50 chance of a hit.

If we attack at an angle of 30 degrees, the bridge "appears" to be 100ft wide and we are certain one bomb will hit provided we can put the ripple on target regarding short/long.

 

Of course a real buzz is attacking a long truck convoy with a ripple of Mk-82's and getting your attack speed and ripple settings just right to get a hit with every bomb. :)

 

Hope this info helps.....

[Guest IguanaKing]

Hehe...now all we need is a way to set CBU burst height. That would rock. :icon_supe

[Prophet_169th]

^^^ Ditto

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

Hope this info helps.....

It did! Thanks for your time.

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

Well, this would be a question for A-10 pilots. Where does the name Pave Penny comes for a pod? Does "Pave Penny" have any kind of a meaning or is it just a name?

[Guest IguanaKing]

Pave is an acronym which stands for "Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment". Penny is the name for the configuration used on both A-10As and A-7Ds. You will see the acronym Pave in many names. Examples: Pave Tack on F-111s. Pave Low...which is an MH-53J. Pave Hawk... which is an MH-60G.

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

Thanks IguanaKing.

[Brit_Radar_Dude]

PAVE generally regarded as meaning Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment although PAVE seems to have been used as a program name for several other programs that were non-avionics related.

 

pave sword and pave penny are laser spot tracker pods

 

Pave Knife Pave Spike Pave Tack are all laser designator pods for guiding laser guided bombs.

 

 

Here's some other Pave stuff from http://www.hazegray.org/faq/acr6.htm

 

Pave Aegis

[uSA] The Lockheed AC-130 Pave Aegis carries a 105mm cannon.

Pave Arm

[uSA] Programme to create missiles that homed on the emissions of

aircraft. See also Brazo. Cancelled.

Pave Arrow

[uSA] Two F-4Ds were modified to locate heat sources on the ground,

using modified AIM-9 seekers.

Pave Claw

[uSA] The GPU-5/A 30mm gun pod.The gun is the GAU-13/A, a

four-barrelled version of the GAU-8 'Avenger' of the A-10.

Pave Coin

[uSA] Development programme for a low-cost, high-performance close

support aircraft, undertaken during the Vietnam war.

Pave Cricket

[uSA] ECM RPV, based on 'Pave Tiger'.

Pave Deuce

[uSA] Conversion of F-102 for use as manned or unmanned target.

Pave Eagle

[uSA] Beech QU-22 Bonanza unmanned drone, used as signal relay

aircraft.

Pave Fire

[uSA] Pod with a low-light level television camera and a laser ranger,

to be used in night attacks. Unsuccessfull.

Pave Gat

[uSA] Martin B-57G night attack aircraft equipped with a triple-barrel

20mm gun.

Pave Hawk

[uSA] The MH-60G special operations or HH-60G rescue helicopter.

Pave Knife

[uSA] Guidance pod for laser-guided bombs. AN/AVQ-10.

Pave Light

[uSA] AN/AVQ-9 laser designator.

Pave Low

[uSA] The Sikorsky MH-53 special operations helicopter.

Pave Mover

[uSA] A side-looking radar for targeting missiles to enemy forces.

Pave Nail

[uSA] Modification of the OV-10 for night precision attacks.

Pave Nickel

[uSA] Radar reconaissance flights of the RB-57F at the border of the

Warsaw pact territory.

Pave Onyx

[uSA] Tactical electronic reconnaissance sensor. Litton AN/ALQ-125

Terec.

Pave Pat II

[uSA] BLU-76 Fuel-Air Explosive subminution bomb.

Pave Paws

[uSA] Phased array radar, to be installed on the coastline of the

USA as a early warning system for missiles launched by submarines.

Pave Penny

[uSA] Laser designation system for missiles, also known as TISL.

Pave Phantom

[uSA] Modification of the F-4D Phantom II with AN/ARN-92 LORAN

navigation equipment. Phantoms equipped with this were primarily

used for the dropping of sensors.

Pave Pillar

[uSA] Effort to develop a standardised avionics system.

Pave Pronto

[uSA] Pave Pronto was the AC-130A gunship version of the

C-130 Hercules. Pave Pronto II was the AC-130H.

Pave Spectre

[uSA] AC-130 gunship. I: A-C130E, II: AC-130H, III: AC-130U.

Pave Spike

[uSA] AN/AVQ-23 or AN/ASQ-152(V) laser designation system.

Pave Spot

[uSA] Equipment for the coordination of air strikes, installed in OV-10

'Pave Nail' aircraft. AN/AVQ-12 laser designator, stabilised sight,

and LORAN navigation equipment.

Pave Storm

[uSA] KMU-421/B guidance unit, a member of the Paveway family. Fitted

to cluster bombs.

Pave Strike

[uSA] Defence suppression programme. EW equipment and precision

munitions were added to a number of aircraft.

Pave Sword

[uSA] AN/AVQ-11 precision attack sensor. A modified AIM-9 seeker

head, used to track the targets designated by the AN/AVQ-12 Pave Spot

laser designator.

Pave Tack

[uSA] Precision bombing system with laser designation, AN/AVQ-26.

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

I need some more help with translation.

 

I the manual page 114, beaming and flying the notch is explained. Well here is the paragraph I do not understand:

 

"The defensive fighter is then flying neither towards nor away from the threat, and its closure is the same as that of the surrounding terrain in a look-down geometry, or any deployed chaff countermeasures in a look-up geometry."

 

The part(bold letters) I do not understand is mentioning the chaffs in look-up geometry. Why is the chaffs mentioned here to begin with? Employing chaffs when beaming will neither help nor ruin beaming? Chaffs just have no role whatsoever in beaming?

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

I need some more help with translation.

 

I the manual page 114, beaming and flying the notch is explained. Well here is the paragraph I do not understand:

 

"The defensive fighter is then flying neither towards nor away from the threat, and its closure is the same as that of the surrounding terrain in a look-down geometry, or any deployed chaff countermeasures in a look-up geometry."

 

The part(bold letters) I do not understand is mentioning the chaffs in look-up geometry. Why is the chaffs mentioned here to begin with? Employing chaffs when beaming will neither help nor ruin beaming? Chaffs just have no role whatsoever in beaming?

Anybody? Help!

[GGTharos]

Yes, they do.

 

In 'look up' you can do a 'pulse override' or significant tightening of the notch so as to prevent the enemy from notching you at all, because there is no clutter to reject.

 

Chaff creates clutter, which instantly necessitates the notch gate to be re-established.

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

Yes, they do.

In 'look up' you can do a 'pulse override' or significant tightening of the notch so as to prevent the enemy from notching you at all, because there is no clutter to reject.

Chaff creates clutter, which instantly necessitates the notch gate to be re-established.

In "look up" there is much less (if any) ground clutter so chaffs are used to create some clutter?

[Brit_Radar_Dude]

so chaffs are used to create some clutter?

Exactly......

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

Well, I need more help with western abbreviations.

 

“Rpi” is maximum launch range that takes into account target maneuverability. What exactly “Rpi” stands for?

[nscode]

OT: a funny story from real life manual translation. A a Serbian version of MiG-21 manual has a pretty bad translation mistake. It says that the booster rocket (for short take off) is droped by giving max left rudder. In reality, there's some kind of booster valve, a part of hydraulics system, or something, that is located near the left rudder pedall and it nothing to do with the booster rocket. :eek:

The most interesting fact is that the error was just recently discovered. Gives you an idea about how much manuals are actually used :D

[SwingKid]

"Rpi" = Range, Probable Intercept.

 

Rpi assumes a non-maneuvering target.

 

"Rtr" = Range, Turn-and-Run target

 

Rtr is the one that includes consideration of target maneuvers. It assumes a "worst-case" of the target turning and running away immediately after missile launch.

 

-SK

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

"Rpi" = Range, Probable Intercept.

 

Rpi assumes a non-maneuvering target.

 

"Rtr" = Range, Turn-and-Run target

 

Rtr is the one that includes consideration of target maneuvers. It assumes a "worst-case" of the target turning and running away immediately after missile launch.

 

-SK

 

Thanks SK. I could not figure it out just by looking at the letters.

[Kenan]

^^ Prevede li ti to Veljko konačno, ko da Bibliju prevodiš a ne Lockon, hihihi..:=)

[nscode]

i bog reče "nek ne bude avion" i bi S-300 :D

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

^^ Prevede li ti to Veljko konačno, ko da Bibliju prevodiš a ne Lockon, hihihi..:=)

Ево ме на 124-тој страници. Која гомила невезаних и непотребних података на 123-ој и 124-тој страници ...

 

Требаће ми још неколико месеци да завршим с преводом.

 

Поздрав,

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

In a sentance "self-guidance with active radar TSD with lock-on after launch", what does TSD stands for?

[4c Hajduk Veljko]

Anybody?