the R73, can be mounted from the Su-25 up. On the 29th, 27th and 33th, they have the radar looking for heat, so the radar can turn off, but to identify the target, you have to turn it on for a second, otherwise as you say, shoot at all without distinguishing the allies from enemies.
For the MiG-21, which can mount maximum R-60M, flights with the radar off because, if you keep it on, after 15 minutes you turn it off, turn it on only to identify a target.
The Viggen instead does not have a radar and it is impossible to identify the target if the plane is not supported by "Magic" or by those who have a radar.
Perhaps what is actually missing is a good "Magic" that guides well and gives the right information.
some sample videos made on this server: