draconus

From the manual, p. 53-54:
So it's mostly different radar mode but the weapon use is the same (needs STT).

This is by design in DCS. ATC chooses the active runway for comms and ILS/markers/lights (they are turned off for other directions) basing on the wind direction and speed. There are some exceptions where there is only one direction available for the runway or one of the two parallel runways is chosen but still same direction (ex. Nellis).
Afaik IRL the ATC make similar decisions when available.

Already reported:

If you ask for a plan to add FPS JTAC then no, there are none but I wish there was.

Using your mission on  my rig - MT:

ST:

Quite a difference but still not how it looks on your screenshots. I suspect some mods you have installed.

Flight model is professional but avionics are simplified. So great for flying and combat but if you prefer to have full control of every possible system and max realistic aircraft functions recreation then wait for full fidelity.

Correct as is. If you fly over 1M the sound cannot propagate forward of the aircraft to the camera placement (which moves with the aircraft). The sound propagation and doppler effect is simulated in DCS.

Use RTFM option.
Radar operation:
1. Press I to turn on the radar.
2. Press 2 to select MSL mode. GUNS/MISSILE & CAMERA switch (1) and switches of wingtip
launchers with AIM-9 (2) on the armament control panel will be activated.
3. Use ELEV lever to watch upper and lower hemisphere (press R.Shift+ ; to adjust radar dish
up and R.Shift+ . to adjust radar dish down). Target symbol will appear on radarscope after
target acquisition. Continue approach to target up to 20-mile range.
 Set RANGE selector to 20 ( - ). Target acquisition symbol appears, continue approach to target up to
10-mile range
4. When 10-mile range is reached, align acquisition symbol with target using TDC button (1) ( ;
– up, . – down, , – left, / – right) and press Enter to lock on to the target. The radar
display scale will be automatically adjusted to 10 miles
For scan azimuth try Rsift+, and Rshift+/ keys or look in controls for other binds.
Gun sight selection:
1. Press I to turn on the radar.
2. Press 4 to select DOGFIGHT MISSILE mode. Once the mode is activated, the radar will
attempt to acquire the target. The radarscope scale will be automatically adjusted to 5 miles.
3. Press С to arm the guns. The sight system will operate in А/А1 mode. Press R.Alt+ I to
select А/А2 mode

Maps never add missions. These come from module developers, so I'm sure HB will add some in the future.
For now you have to use Create Fast Mission or Mission Editor, or some server running Afghanistan map and your favorite modules.
 

6 to enter A-A mode, Space to fire guns, LCtrl+Space selects between one or both types of guns.
7 is A-G mode.
Make sure you're in the air and have gun ammo. There might be some other limits like gear up - I don't know this aircraft.
Manual can be found in DCS\mods\aircraft\<aircraft_name>\doc or here:
 

FC3 got cockpits and models updated in 22nd February this year.

Known issue, only in DCS ST. Try MT preview.

This is a bug. FC3 is not available but you should have all the aircraft modules installed as standalone.

Some VR views like scope/gunner are not modeled for VR.
When you get back to the aircraft HUD only view is probably recalled as your last view. Try F1 for cockpit view.

I've just tested the recently updated DCS 2.9.5 and it works correctly in F-14B and F-15E in VR/MT.
The option "res. of cockpit displays: 1024" I usually use gives me 15fps on the mirrors. When used "1024 every frame" it gives me full fps smooth mirrors. Apparently it needs DCS restart after changing even if it doesn't says so.

Not possible in the aircraft, at least not for the purpose you want. There is next waypoint function but only to show/edit their data - it won't change the current steering selected. There is also next steerpoint function for radar map - for designation purposes.
Manual p. 259, 8.18.2 UFC POINT DATA SUBMENU:
Manual p. 415, 11.4.1 RBM MPD CONTROLS:

Have a read:
If you expect some message or automatic exit from the mission when completed then you have to set goals and triggers.
It's not done this way in most missions - after parking the aircraft you just press Esc and select Quit. The "results" points decide if you progress in the campaign if the mission was part of it.
Check the options to enable the recon mode:

btw: It's not a thread that belongs to "Controller Questions and Bugs" section.

Like that:

Check the screenshots here:
https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/downloads/screenshots/1864/
There are some airbases shown in detail.

Lots of mods - remove and try again.
Increase it to 32GB fixed size.

Manual, p. 248:
It's available in Altitude Select mode.