I've done some testing about the laser and none of it supports that temperature is modeled in anyway except for the PAUSE indication at some point. This occurs around the indication of 350 with the hud mod.
No cooldown necessary.
Also don't wait for the countdown to reach 0, instead press the laser reset button after missile impact.
An interesting finding is that the number of activations of the laser hurts it as well as laser firing time.
All in all, the formula appears to be something like this:
You start with 1000 laser points. Every activation takes 3 points plus 1 point per second of firing time.
Will do more testing tomorrow