See spoiler, that might help you with the dogfighting stuff. Also, this: http://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/files/645693/?sphrase_id=3147574
Those are the performance charts for the F-15C with the engines we have in-game.
As for the second part of your post: The Eagle shows threat range, which is basically signal strength with some modifications (certain radars appear at different positions even if they're at the same range). edit: Actually, I think the Flanker does the same thing... :P
I'd recommend opening up the editor, spawning an F-15 and a radar, and using the F10 map + ranging tool to figure that stuff out!
For active radar AAMs you can usually tell their range by the RWR, but (in MP, at least) I've had some issues where the M icon will stay in one position and then I go boom, guess its desync or something... :mad:
For the other missiles, you can usually judge distance by the smoke trail.